264 Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice (R)

Definition

Statement relating to the publication, printing, distribution, issue, release, or production of a work. Information in field 264 is similar to information in field 260. Field 264 is useful for cases where the content standard or institutional policies make a distinction between functions.

The Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) has published the PCC Guidelines for the 264 field. When using field 264, follow these guidelines. Note this comment on rare or special materials:

It should be noted that these guidelines do not address the application of the 264 field for materials cataloged under the standards for Descriptive Cataloging of Rare Materials (DCRM) or other standards for specialized materials. The communities working on the application of RDA for specialized materials will need to develop appropriate guidelines for using the 264 field with those materials.

Questions or comments about the PCC Guidelines for the 264 field should be addressed to coop@loc.gov.

For information on punctuation, see the Punctuation section below.

1st Indicator

Sequence of statements.

2nd Indicator

Function of entity.

Subfields

Enter the date of production of an archival collection as a year or range of years. If you are cataloging a single manuscript, you may include the month and day in that order following the year, if appropriate.

Enter the date of publication of a continuing resource, even if it coincides with the date given in a formatted 362 field.

If no subfield ǂc is present because the cataloging is not based on the first issue, do not use any final punctuation at the end of the data in subfield ǂb.

These are the dates of first availability of the major computer file media. Dates earlier than these cannot be a valid date of publication for that computer file medium. Earlier dates may represent such bibliographic events as release date in a different computer file medium, etc.

• 3 1/2 inch floppy disk: 1982
• 5 1/2 inch floppy disk: 1976
• 8 inch floppy disk: 1971
• CD-ROM: 1985
• DVD-ROM: 1996
• Electronic files remotely accessed via the World Wide Web: 1991

If the date of recording differs from the date of publication, enter the date of recording in coded form in field 033 and in textual form in field 518.

These are the dates of first availability of some of the major audio media. Dates earlier than these cannot be a valid date of publication for that audio medium. Earlier dates may represent such bibliographic events as date of sound capture, release date in a different audio medium, etc.

• Audio cassette: 1965
• Audio CD: 1982
• DVD-Audio: 2000
• LP: 1948
• MP3-CD: 2000
• MP3 file: 1995
  
• Playaway: 2005
• Reel-to-reel tape: 1954
• Streaming audio: 1999

These are the dates of first availability of some of the major videorecording media. Dates earlier than these cannot be a valid date of publication for that videorecording medium. Earlier dates may represent such bibliographic events as release date in a different videorecording medium, etc.

• Beta cassettes: 1975
• Blu-ray disc: 2006
• CAV (Constant Angular Velocity) standard play laser optical discs: 1978
• CLV (Constant Linear Velocity) standard play laser optical discs: 1978
• CED (Capacitance Electronic Disc) video discs: 1981
• DVD-Video: 1996 (Japan); 1997 (USA)
• Streaming video: 1999
• U-matic/U-standard cassettes: 1971
• VHS cassettes: 1976

Punctuation

For records containing ISBD punctuation, follow these instructions:

• Optionally, follow an initial subfield ǂ3 by a colon-space or a space-colon-space if following an open date
• Precede second and subsequent occurrences of subfield ǂa by a space-semicolon-space
• Precede each occurrence of subfield ǂb by a space-colon-space
• Precede each occurrence of subfield ǂc by a comma-space
• Precede any parallel statement within a subfield by a space-equals-space
• Enclose any text within brackets as required by cataloging instructions
• Include incidental punctuation needed within any subfields, e.g., commas, periods (following abbreviations or initials), etc.
• Optionally, add a terminal period at the end of the field unless the last subfield ends with an ellipsis, exclamation point, hyphen, period (following an abbreviation or initial), question mark, closing bracket, or closing parenthesis

For records containing non-ISBD punctuation, see the cataloging instructions used to create the record.

For records containing minimal or no punctuation, include brackets and incidental punctuation needed within any subfields. Otherwise, omit the punctuation outlined above.

For more information on punctuation, including OCLC policy, see section 2.8, Punctuation.

Indexing

For indexing and searching information, see Searching WorldCat Indexes, field 264.

MARC 21

For more information, including content designator history, see MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data, field 264.