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DtSt: Type of Date/Publication Status

Record Type

BIB

Bytes

ALL: 008/06

Input Standards

BKS, COM, MAP, MIX, REC, SCO, VIS: Mandatory. One-character code. Default:

CNR: Mandatory. One-character code. Default: c

Definition

ALL

Use DtSt to categorize the type of dates (e.g., production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright) in Dates. For continuing resources in any format, the code in DtSt indicates the publication status.

The choice of code for DtSt is made concurrently with a determination of the appropriate dates for Dates. For most records data are derived from information in field 260, field 264, field 362, or from note fields. For archival collections and manuscript materials you may also derive date information from field 245, particularly field 245 subfield $f and field 245 subfield $g.

Use the definitions in the guidelines presented here for coding field 046 subfield ǂa and field 539 subfield ǂa.

Guidelines

Continuing Resources

For continuing resources in any format, use DtSt to indicate whether the continuing resource is currently published, has ceased publication, or the publication status is unknown.

Do not base coding of DtSt on subscription or receipt status.

Non-continuing resources

Precedence for non-continuing resources. If more than one code applies, use the following chart to determine precedence.

Single part items or multipart items complete in one year		Collections or multipart items complete in more than one year
b	No dates given; B.C. date involved	b	No dates given; B.C. date involved
r	Reprint/original date	i	Inclusive date
e	Detailed date	k	Range of dates
s	Single date	r	Reprint/original date
p	Distribution/production date	m	Initial/terminal date
t	Publication date and copyright date	t	Publication date and copyright date
q	Questionable date	n	Unknown date
n	Unknown date		No attempt to code
	No attempt to code

Codes

Choose the code for DtSt concurrently with the dates in Date 1 and Date 2.

Before Common Era date

b

No dates given; B.C. date involved. Use blanks in Dates if one or more of the dates are B.C.E. dates. Enter the appropriate code and B.C.E. date or dates in field 046.

DtSt		b
Dates		,
046		q ǂb 650 ǂd 400
264	0	ǂc [between 650 B.C. and 400 B.C.]

DtSt		b
Dates		,
046		s ǂb 2000~ ǂ2 edtf
264	0	ǂc [approximately 2000 B.C.]

DtSt:		b
Dates:		,
046		k ǂb 2350 ǂd 2300
264	0	ǂc [approximately 2350 B.C.-approximately 2300 B.C.]

DtSt		b
Dates		,
046		q ǂb 604 ǂd 562
264	0	ǂc [between 604 B.C. and 562 B.C.]

Single dates

e

Detailed date. Use if the issue date includes year and month or year, month, and day. Code uu is used for the final two characters of Date 2 if the day is unknown for an event known to have occurred on a specific day, such as an original broadcast date. Leave the final two characters of Date 2 coded blank if there is no day of month given on the item and no day can be inferred. Use the form yyyy,mmdd.

DtSt		e
Dates		2012,0323
264	1	Nairobi, Kenya : ǂb APHIA II OR Project in Kenya, Population Council, ǂc March 23, 2012

DtSt		e
Dates		1976,11uu
264	1	United States : ǂb Triangle Film Corporation, ǂc November 1976
[Televised material giving the date of original broadcast. Day of month is not given; however, you can infer that the broadcast occurred on a specific day by supplying uu for the unknown date.]

DtSt		e
Dates		2016,10uu
250		[October 2016 version]
264	1	[Oxford] : ǂb [Face Press], ǂc October 2016
500		"Oct 2016" encrypted in tesselating tile pattern on colophon
[Day is "not applicable" because the publication is identified by month only and you cannot infer a date.]

DtSt		e
Dates		2005,05
264	1	Sacramento, Calif. : ǂb Association of California Water Agencies, ǂc [2005]
500		"May 2005"
[Issue date is May 2005. Day is "not applicable," because the publication is identified by month only and you cannot infer a date.]

s

Single known date/probable date. A single year is on the item as the date of distribution, publication, release, production, execution, or writing.

Use for:

Unpublished items that have single dates of execution
Probable, approximate, or conjectural (uncertain or qualified) dates that can be represented by four digits
Single part unpublished items with a single dates that have been executed over a period of time, such as a painting

Do not use code s for the following:

Single items having a probable range of years. Use code q.
Collections. Use code k or i as appropriate.
Unpublished items that have a range of dates of execution. Use code i.

DtSt			s
Dates			198u,
260			New York : ǂb Oxford University Press, ǂc [198-]
[Pre-RDA]

DtSt			s
Dates			19uu,
260			London : ǂb Academic Press, ǂc [19--]
[Pre-RDA]

DtSt			s
Dates			197u,
260			Bloomington : ǂb Indiana University Press, ǂc [197-?]
[Pre-RDA]

DtSt			s
Dates			1965,
260			Paris : ǂb Presses universitaires de France, ǂc [1966, i.e. 1965]
[Pre-RDA]

DtSt			s
Dates			1985,
260			Sacramento, Calif. : ǂb California State Board of Equalization, ǂc [approximately 1985]
[Pre-RDA hybrid]

DtSt			s
Dates			1967,
260			Tacoma, Wash. : ǂb American Plywood Association, ǂc 1967/1968
[Pre-RDA]

DtSt			s
Dates			1954,
260			London : ǂb Her Majesty's Stationery Office, ǂc 1954, cover 1955
[Pre-RDA]

DtSt			s
Dates			1961,
260			Berlin : ǂb Deutsche Buch-Gemeinschaft, ǂc 1961 printing
[Pre-RDA]

DtSt			s
Dates			1966,
260			Amsterdam : ǂb Elsevier, ǂc 1965 [i.e. 1966]
[Pre-RDA]

DtSt			s
Dates			1936,
260			New York : ǂb Knopf, ǂc 1936, t.p. 1943
[Pre-AACR2. Ignore the date of a later impression if that date follows the publication date and qualifies its position on the publication.]

DtSt			s
Dates			1911,
260			Chicago, Ill. : ǂb Sears, Roebuck, ǂc 1911, 1913 printing
[Pre-RDA. Ignore a date qualified by the word printing unless that date is the only date.]

DtSt			s
Dates			1963,
260			London : ǂb Macmillan, ǂc c1963, t.p. 1965
[Pre-AACR2. Ignore the date of a later impression if that date follows a copyright date. Use this convention if you cannot find the publication date of the first impression of the first edition.]

DtSt		s
Dates		2012,
264	1	Cambridge, Massachusetts : ǂb Harvard University Press, ǂc 2012

DtSt		s
Dates		1939,
264	1	Firenze : ǂb Casa editrice Adriano Salani, ǂc anno 18 [1939]

DtSt		s
Dates		1991,
040		ǂe dacs ǂe rda
264	1	[Place of publication not identified] : ǂb [publisher not identified], ǂc [1991?]

DtSt		s
Dates		1983,
264	1	Yerushalayim : ǂb E. Fisher, ǂc 744 [1983 or 1984]
[Non-Gregorian dates with no single Gregorian equivalent]

Multiple dates

i

Inclusive dates of collection. Use Date 1 and Date 2 for the earliest and latest years covered. If a single year represents the inclusive dates, enter that year in both Date 1 and Date 2. Use only in records with BLvl c or d.

DtSt			i
Dates			1910,1914
245	1	0	Camp Wyonegonic photograph album and Bennett School photographs, ǂf 1910, 1914

DtSt			i
Dates			1912,1950
245	1	0	Frank M. Johnston papers, ǂf 1912-1950

DtSt			i
Dates			1948,1948
245	1	0	Albert Einstein galley proofs with typescript and handwritten corrections for his article on relativity, ǂf 1948

DtSt			i
Dates			1982,1983
245	1	0	Field recordings from Massachusetts, USA, ǂf July 1982-June 1983

DtSt			i
Dates			2011,20uu
245	1	0	Haworth College of Business new collection, ǂf 2011-

DtSt			i
Dates			19uu,19uu
040			ǂe dacs
245	1	0	Ada Engen oral history photograph collection, ǂf undated
[Collection cataloged according to Describing Archives: A Content Standard, Second Edition]

DtSt			i
Dates			1954,1985
245	1	0	Department of Entomology and Parasitology records ǂf 1929-1985 ǂg (bulk 1954-1985)
[When both subfield ǂf and subfield ǂg are present, DtSt code i takes precedence]

k

Range of years of bulk of collection. Bulk dates are the dates covered by the majority of the collection. Use Date 1 and Dates 2 for the earliest and latest years covered. If a single year represents the bulk dates, use that year in both Date 1 and Date 2. Use only in records with BLvl c or d. When both inclusive dates in field 245 subfield $f and bulk dates in field 245 subfield $g are present, DtSt code i takes precedence.

DtSt			k
Dates			1949,2017
040			RCE ǂb eng ǂe local/TxHR ǂc RCE ǂd RCE ǂd OCLCO ǂd OCLCF
245	0	0	City of Bellaire [TX] historical records ǂg 1949-2017
[Archival collection conforms to local practice]

m

Multiple dates. Use Date 1 for the initial year, Date 2 for the terminal year of a multipart item. If initial year and terminal year are the same for a multipart item, use code s.

For kits, code p is used when there is no single date of production or publication and when the kit's components have different dates. Use Date 1 for the earliest date on a component. Use Date 2 for the latest date. Enter a note in field 500 to link components with their respective dates.

DtSt		m
Dates		1995,1999
264	1	Manchester : ǂb Carcanet Press, ǂc 1995-1999

DtSt		m
Dates		2011,2014
264	1	New York, N.Y. : ǂb The Library of America, ǂc 2011-2014

DtSt		m
Dates		1966,9999
264	1	New York : ǂb Academic Press, ǂc 1966-

DtSt			m
Dates			uuuu,1981
260			Boston : ǂb Macmillan, ǂc -[1981]
[Pre-RDA. Multipart item for which the earliest volume is not held.]

DtSt			m
Dates			197u,1987
260			Paris : ǂb Hachette, ǂc [197-]-1987
[Pre-RDA. Multipart item for which the publication date of the first volume is missing.]

DtSt			m
Dates			1943,197u
260			New York : ǂb Dover, ǂc 1943-[197-?]
[Pre-RDA. Multipart item for which the publication date of the last volume is probable and has missing digits.]

p

Date of distribution/release/issue and date of production/recording session when different. Both a date of distribution/release/issue in Date 1 and a date of production/recording in Date 2 are present because there is a difference between the two dates.

For computer files, code p is used when there is a difference between production date, the date the file first became operational for analysis and processing in machine-readable form in Date 2 and distribution date, the date the file became available to the public, usually through an established agency in Date 1.

For moving images, code p is used when a work with identical content but in a different medium has a later release date than the original work, (e.g., a video recording released in 1978 that was originally produced as a motion picture in 1965).

DtSt		p
Dates		2015,1981
264	1	Beverly Hills, CA : ǂb MGM, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc., ǂc [2015]
500		Originally released as a motion picture in 1981

DtSt		p
Dates		2017,2016
264	1	Los Angeles, CA : ǂb Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, ǂc [2017]
500		Originally broadcast as single episodes of a television program in 2016-2017

DtSt		p
Dates		2018,1991
264	1	[London] : ǂb BBC Worldwide, ǂc [2018]
500		Originally released as a motion picture in 1991

DtSt		p
Dates		1981,1964
264	1	New York : ǂb MGM/CBS Home Video, ǂc 1981
500		Originally produced as a motion picture in 1964
[Identical content, but different medium (i.e., a video recording of a motion picture) with a different release date]

DtSt			p
Dates			1973,1971
260			London : ǂb Macmillan, ǂc 1971 [distributed 1973]
[Pre-RDA]

DtSt			p
Dates			1975,1972
260			London : ǂb BBC-TV, ǂc 1972 ; ǂa New York : ǂb Released by Time-Life Films, ǂc 1975
[Pre-RDA]

Codes for multiple dates of execution

r

Reprint/reissue date and original date. Enter reprint/reissue date in Date 1 and date of original in Date 2.

Use code r for the following:

Re-releases of motion pictures and video recordings in the same medium
Reissues of sound recordings in the same medium or a different medium
Previously published resources
Offprints

Evidence that a resource is a reprint may be recorded in the title, statement of responsibility, edition statement, series statement, or a note. The series or edition statement may have the word reprint.

The word reprint in the publisher's name may be evidence that the resource is a reprint. However, some publishers whose names include the word reprint also publish original works. Therefore, the publisher's name alone is not sufficient evidence.

If a resource qualifies as a republication and only slight changes have been made (e.g., minor corrections or new material has been added, such as an introduction, preface, foreword), treat the resource as a republication.

Use for resources reproduced from two or more works, works that have first appeared in another country, and works that have first appeared under a different title, unless there is evidence it is a translation.

Do not use code r for the following:

For resources that have changed enough to be considered new editions
Treat resources labelled as reprints issued by the same publisher as printings rather than formal reprints. For more information, see chapter 4, When to Input a New Record.
New editions, including new editions published under a different title
Electronic reproductions follow provider-neutral guidelines. For more information, see chapter 3.1.1, Online resources.
Print reproductions follow provider-neutral guidelines. For more information, see chapter 3.1.2, Print-on-demand publications and photocopies.
Microform reproductions (including theses and dissertations whether previously published or not). Code DtSt and Dates for the original. Enter date information for the microform reproduction in field 533 and in field 539 subfields ǂa, ǂb, and ǂc.
Translations
Preprints or prepublications
Reprint of serials are coded as c, d, or u as applicable. For more information on dates for reprint serials, see Dates, Serials.

For motion pictures and videos, evidence of re-release can be identified as follows:

The graphic representation, form, content, or subject content is essentially the same as the original issue
The change is from one film size to another (e.g., 35 mm to 16 mm)
The change is from one medium for sound to another
The resource has been issued separately and also in a series without any changes other than those listed above

Do not use code r for the following motion pictures and videos:

Change in language or addition of subtitles in a language other than that of the sound track
Change from silent to sound or vice versa
Change from black-and-white to color or vice versa
Change from still to motion or vice versa
Change in the purpose of the film (e.g., released for educational purposes) when editing reflects that change in purpose
Change in running time from shorter to longer or vice versa
Change in form (e.g., a motion picture re-released as a video recording)

Examples of code r

DtSt			r
Dates			1966,1913
[Republication date is 1966. The original date is 1913.]

DtSt			r
Dates			1966,1741
[Republication date is 1966. The original date is 1741. The copyright date is 1950.]

DtSt			r
Dates			1866,uuuu
[Republication date is 1866. The original date is missing.]

DtSt			r
Dates			1995,1963
[Unabridged and unaltered republication of the English language edition of the work first published in 1963]

DtSt			r
Dates			1990,1855
046			ǂc 1990 ǂd 1890
[Item is reproduced from two or more works. This edition 1990 republication of Crotchets and quavers, originally published in 1855 and Sharps and flats, originally published in 1890.]

DtSt			r
Dates			1990,1926
[Work first published in another country. This is the 1990 "1st American edition." First published under another title in 1926, but is not a translation.]

DtSt		r
Dates		uuuu,1963
264	1	New York : ǂb [publisher not identified], ǂc [date of publication not identified]
500		Previously published in 1963
[No date is given in 264]

DtSt		r
Dates		1966,uuuu
264	1	New York : ǂb Macmillan, ǂc 1966
500		Reprinted from Green Howard's Gazette
[Original date of publication is missing]

DtSt		r
Dates		1983,1857
264	1	Boston : ǂb [publisher not identified], ǂc [1983?]
500		Originally published: Pittsburg, Pa. : W'm Schuchman & Bro. Lith., [1857]

DtSt			r
Dates			2000,1965
500			"Originally issued by the Musical Heritage Society in 1965 as LP #OR B-272/3/4"--Container
[Reissued 2000, originally issued as LP in 1965]

DtSt			r
Dates			1978,uuuu
500			"Previously released as SR 90165 and 90449"--Container notes
[Reissued 1978; original date of release not known]

t

Publication date and copyright date. The item has a publication, release, production, or execution date and a copyright date. Date 1 is the year of publication, release, production, or execution; Date 2, the year of copyright notice or phonogram copyright notice. Treat deposit dates (preceded by D.L., Dépot légal, etc.) as copyright dates.

DtSt		t
Dates		2017,2016
264	1	New York : ǂb Macmillan, ǂc 2017
264	4	ǂc ©2016

DtSt		t
Dates		2013,2013
264	1	Brentwood, Tennessee : ǂb Sparrow Records, ǂc [2013]
264	4	ǂc ⓟ2013

DtSt		t
Dates		2015,2013
264	1	London : ǂb Taylor & Francis, ǂc 2015
264	4	ǂc ©2013

DtSt			t
Dates			198u,1979
260			Berlin : ǂb Springer, ǂc [198-?], ©1979
[Pre-RDA]

Codes for unknown or questionable dates

n

Dates unknown. Use for naturally occurring objects. Use also for [date of publication not identified] and similar designations in cataloging when no other code applies or in other cases in which no reasonable date can be determined. In such cases, both Date 1 and Date 2 are coded uuuu.

DtSt			n
Dates			uuuu,uuuu
245	0	0	Moon rock #53
[Naturally occurring object. No 260 or 264 field is given.]

DtSt		n
Dates		uuuu,uuuu
264	1	New York : ǂb Dover, ǂc [date of publication not identified]

DtSt			n
Dates			uuuu,uuuu
245	0	0	[English Victorian costume]

q

Questionable date. A range of years is the only date that can be specified (e.g., between 1824 and 1840). Give the earliest year in Date 1 and latest in Date 2.

DtSt		q
Dates		2014,2015
264	1	New York : ǂb Parsons The New School for Design, ǂc [2014 or 2015]

DtSt		q
Dates		2000,2001
264	1	Indianapolis, Indiana : ǂb Office of the Indiana Attorney General, ǂc [2000 or 2001]

DtSt			q
Dates			1963,1966
260			New York : ǂb Hippocrene Books, ǂc [between 1963 and 1966]

DtSt			q
Dates			18uu,19uu
260			Amsterdam : ǂb Elsevier, ǂc [19th century and early 20th century]

DtSt			q
Dates			uuuu,1980
264		1	New York : ǂb Haworth, ǂc [not after 1980]
588	0		15th impression, 1980
[Shows optional inclusion of note on issue, part, or iteration used as the basis for identification of the resource]

Codes for publication status of continuing resources

Choose the code for DtSt concurrently with choosing dates in Date 1 and Date 2. For continuing resource records you derive date information from field 362, field 264 subfield ǂc, field 260 subfield ǂc, and 5xx notes.

c

Continuing resource currently published. The continuing resource is currently being published. Currently published is defined as an item for which an issue or update has been received within the last three years.

DtSt			c
Dates			1953,9999
264		1	Chicago : ǂb University of Chicago Press
362	1		Began with volume for 1953

DtSt			c
Dates			1984,9999
264		1	New York : ǂb Xerox Films, ǂc 1984-
362	0		Number 1-

DtSt		c
Dates		195u,9999
588	0	Volume 2, number 2 (February 1956)
[Date of first issue is unknown, but can be estimated]

DtSt			c
Dates			19uu,9999
264		1	New York : ǂb Wiley Interscience
588	0		1981
[Date of first issue is unknown, but can be estimated]

DtSt		c
Dates		1uuu,9999
260		New York : ǂb Doubleday
588	0	1901
[Date of first issue is unknown and cannot be estimated]

d

Continuing resource ceased publication. Either continuing resource has ceased publication or a change in author or title has caused a successive entry record to be created.

DtSt			d
Dates			1928,1941
264		1	Berlin : ǂb VZG, ǂc 1928-1941
362	1		Began with volume 1, number 1 (February 1928); ceased with volume 14, number 2 (February 1941)

DtSt			d
Dates			1uuu,1958
264		1	New York : ǂb American Statistical Association, ǂc -1959
362	1		Ceased with volume 10 (May 1958)

DtSt		d
Dates		1969,1972
260		Kuala Lumpur : ǂb J. Victor Morais
362	0	1969-1971/72

DtSt		d
Dates		1963,1963
362	0	January-April 1963

DtSt		d
Dates		19uu,1929
264	1	Boston : ǂb New England Historic Genealogical Society, ǂc -1929
[Beginning date is unknown, but can be estimated]

DtSt			d
Dates			1945,19uu
264		1	Chicago : ǂb American Medical Association, ǂc 1945-
362	1		Ceased publication
[Ending date is unknown, but can be estimated]

DtSt		d
Dates		1962,1962
362	0	Volume 1, no. 1 (January 1962)-
362	1	Ceased with no. 4 (April 1962)?

u

Continuing resource status unknown. No clear indication exists that publication of the continuing resource has ceased.

DtSt		u
Dates		1948,uuuu
362	0	1948-

DtSt		u
Dates		19uu,uuuu
588	0	1983
[Beginning date is unknown, but can be estimated]

DtSt			u
Dates			1979,uuuu
264		1	New York : ǂb American Statistical Association, ǂc 1980-
362	0		1979-

No attempt to code

No attempt to code. Use fill characters in Dates.

DtSt
Dates			,

Indexing

This fixed field element is not indexed.

MARC 21

For more information, including content designator history, see MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data, 008/06 (All Materials).

This page last updated: 2025-03-05 · Report an error in WorldCat · Submit a suggestion for this page · Get help with general cataloging questions

Digital comics and manga

Streaming video

CloudLibrary^™ lets libraries build and share ebook and eaudiobook collections and provide library users access to digital magazines, newspapers, comics, graphic novels, and manga.

DtSt: Type of Date/Publication Status

Record Type

Bytes

Input Standards

Definition

Guidelines

Codes

Before Common Era date

Single dates

Multiple dates

Codes for multiple dates of execution

Examples of code r

Codes for unknown or questionable dates

Codes for publication status of continuing resources

No attempt to code

Indexing

MARC 21

Digital comics and manga

Streaming video

CloudLibrary™ lets libraries build and share ebook and eaudiobook collections and provide library users access to digital magazines, newspapers, comics, graphic novels, and manga.

DtSt: Type of Date/Publication Status

Record Type

Bytes

Input Standards

Definition

Guidelines

Codes

Before Common Era date

Single dates

Multiple dates

Codes for multiple dates of execution

Examples of code r

Codes for unknown or questionable dates

Codes for publication status of continuing resources

No attempt to code

Indexing

MARC 21

CloudLibrary^™ lets libraries build and share ebook and eaudiobook collections and provide library users access to digital magazines, newspapers, comics, graphic novels, and manga.